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Maryland commercial real estate data, county by county.
The Census Bureau estimates 6,263,220 residents in Maryland on July 1, 2024. Every one of its 24 county-equivalents has a data page built from federal sources, each figure carrying its publisher and the period it describes.
- Population, July 1, 2024
- 6,263,220
- Households
- 2,362,928
- Median household income
- $103,678
- Gross domestic product, 2025
- $568.14 bn
- Unemployment rate
- 4.1 percent
Maryland agency publications
What drives the Maryland economy, and how is business taxed?
State sales and use tax rate
Maryland's sales and use tax rate is 6 cents for each exact dollar. A vending machine sale is taxed at 6%, applied to 94.5% of the gross receipts from the sale, and an alcoholic beverage is taxed at 9% of the charge for the beverage.
- General sales and use tax rate6 percent
- Alcoholic beverage sales tax rate9 percent
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Enterprise zone and focus area designations
Maryland's Enterprise Zone subtitle defines an enterprise zone as an area that meets the subtitle's requirements and is designated as an enterprise zone by the Secretary, or as an area designated as an enterprise zone by the United States government, or as an area designated as an empowerment zone or enterprise community by the United States government. The subtitle separately defines a focus area as an area that meets its own requirements and is designated as a focus area by the Secretary.
- Enterprise zone may be designated by the Secretary or by the United States government
- Focus area is a separate designation made by the Secretary
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Real property assessment classification
For assessment purposes, Maryland divides property into classes and subclasses. Real property is a class of property that is divided into subclasses, including a subclass for all other real property that is directed by statute to be assessed. Assessed value is phased in for the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd year of a 3-year cycle: the prior value of real property is increased by one-third, two-thirds, or the full amount by which the value increased over the prior value, based on a physical inspection of the real property.
- Phase-in occurs over a 3-year cycle
- Based on a physical inspection of the property
- Assessment phase-in cycle length3 years
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Maryland agency publications
What does Maryland law require before a site is developed?
Zoning enabling framework
State law declares that the orderly development and use of land and structures requires comprehensive regulation through planning and zoning controls, and that those controls are implemented by local government.
- Policy and implementation grant sit in the Land Use Article
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Comprehensive plan
Maryland requires the planning commission for each local jurisdiction to include specified elements in its comprehensive plan.
- Planning commission must include specified elements in the plan
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Development impact fees
Maryland law requires that, for Prince George's County, a contract for the sale of real property on which a development impact fee has been imposed contain a notice to the purchaser stating that the fee has been imposed and its total amount.
- Applies to Prince George's County
- Requires purchaser notice of an imposed development impact fee on resale
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
State environmental stewardship policy
Maryland's Natural Resources Article declares that the protection, preservation, and enhancement of the State's diverse environment is a matter of the highest public priority, and that all State agencies must conduct their affairs with an awareness that they are stewards of the air, land, water, living and historic resources. Environmental review is keyed to a defined proposed State action, meaning requests for legislative appropriations or other legislative actions that will alter the quality of the air, land, or water resources, excluding a request or other action for the rehabilitation or maintenance of existing secondary roads.
- Obligations run to State agencies
- Triggered by a proposed State action, not a local permit as such
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Maryland agency publications and federal agency publications
Which permits and hazards apply to a site in Maryland?
Construction stormwater permitting
The Maryland General Assembly finds that the management of stormwater runoff is necessary to reduce stream channel erosion, pollution, siltation and sedimentation, and local flooding. The Department of the Environment shall implement Maryland's Stormwater Management subtitle and adopt regulations that specify the exemptions a county or municipality may grant from the requirement to submit a stormwater management plan. Under the federal Clean Water Act, a permit is required for a construction activity disturbing 1 acre or more of land, or a smaller site that is part of a common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb 1 or more acres of land.
- Administered by the Department of the Environment
- The Department specifies the exemptions a county or municipality may grant from the plan-submission requirement
- Federal Clean Water Act construction stormwater permit floor1 acre
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Coastal zone management
Maryland's coastal zone extends to the inland boundary of the 16 counties bordering the Atlantic Ocean, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Potomac River, as far as the municipal limits of Washington, D.C., and includes Baltimore City and all local jurisdictions within the counties.
- Covers 16 counties bordering the Atlantic Ocean, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Potomac River
- Includes Baltimore City
- Counties in Maryland's coastal zone16
Source: NOAA Office for Coastal Management, February 9, 2012, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Statewide building code
The Department must adopt by regulation, as the Maryland Building Performance Standards, the International Building Code, including the International Energy Conservation Code, and must adopt each subsequent version of the Standards within 18 months after it is issued. The Standards apply to each building or structure for which a building permit application is received by a local jurisdiction on or after August 1, 1995.
- Based on the International Building Code and International Energy Conservation Code
- New versions must be adopted within 18 months of issuance
Source: Maryland General Assembly, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Census Bureau population estimates and 2020 Census
How many people live in Maryland, and is the population growing?
- Population, July 1, 20246,263,220
- Population, April 1, 2020 estimates base6,181,629
- Change since the 2020 base1.32 percent
- Rank by population among the 50 states and DC18th of 51
- Rank by growth since 2020 among the 50 states and DC35th of 51
- Share of residents in urban areas, 202085.6 percent
Net domestic and international migration, by year to July 1
- 2021: domestic -17,763, international +9,038
- 2022: domestic -45,928, international +47,782
- 2023: domestic -32,748, international +43,758
- 2024: domestic -18,509, international +53,100
Change since 2020 is MMCG Analytics arithmetic on the two published estimates; ranks order the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure; the urban share divides the published urban count by the published total.
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024. US Census Bureau, 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics, table P2. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
Census Bureau American Community Survey
Who lives in Maryland?
- Households2,362,928
- Median household income$103,678
- Median age39.4 years
- Residents under 1822.2 percent
- Residents 65 and over16.7 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a bachelor's degree or higher43.4 percent
- Median home value$419,900
- Median gross rent, per month$1,705
The three shares are MMCG Analytics arithmetic on published counts: the survey's age groups under 18 and 65 and over, and its degree counts, each divided by the published total.
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020 to 2024. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
How many people are working in Maryland?
- Labor force3,199,779
- Employed3,069,927
- Unemployed129,852
- Unemployment rate4.1 percent
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, August 2026, preliminary. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, gross domestic product by state
How large is the Maryland economy?
- Gross domestic product, 2025$568.14 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2024$546.03 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2023$515.04 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2022$481.86 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2021$447.71 bn
- Rank by 2025 gross domestic product among the 50 states and DC18th of 51
The rank orders the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional accounts, table SAGDP2, 2021 to 2025. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
SBA 7(a) and 504 loan records
How active is SBA lending in Maryland?
- 7(a) loans approved, FY2020 to FY20266,637
- 7(a) approval dollars, FY2020 to FY2026$2.65 bn
- Rank by 7(a) loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2020 to FY202620th of 51
- 504 loans approved, FY2010 to FY2026787
- 504 approval dollars, FY2010 to FY2026$804.4 m
- Rank by 504 loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2010 to FY202634th of 51
Most active 7(a) lenders, by loans approved, FY2020 to FY2026
- Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company: 2,657 loans
- TD Bank, National Association: 307 loans
- Northeast Bank: 272 loans
- Newtek Bank, National Association: 232 loans
- Readycap Lending, LLC: 219 loans
Most active Certified Development Companies, by 504 loans, FY2010 to FY2026
- Business Finance Group, Inc.: 561 loans
- Chesapeake Business Finance Corporation: 154 loans
- Prince George's Financial Services Corporation: 27 loans
- 504 Capital Corporation: 21 loans
- Rappahannock Economic Development Corporation: 21 loans
Industries with the most 7(a) loans, FY2020 to FY2026
- Full-Service Restaurants: 307 loans
- Limited-Service Restaurants: 252 loans
- Residential Remodelers: 156 loans
- Beauty Salons: 135 loans
- Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services: 127 loans
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics arithmetic over the SBA's loan-level records whose project state is Maryland: counts of records, sums of the gross approval amount, and ranks among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These are approvals, not disbursements or balances.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA loan records, FY2010 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
FEMA NFIP Community Status Book and EPA radon zones
How do flood insurance and radon screening stand in Maryland?
- Communities participating in the NFIP147
- Communities earning a Community Rating System discount, classes 1 to 919
- Counties in EPA radon zone 1, the highest predicted level9
- Counties in EPA radon zone 28
- Counties in EPA radon zone 37
Communities by Community Rating System class (class 1 earns the largest discount, class 10 none)
- Class 5: 4
- Class 6: 5
- Class 7: 10
- Class 10: 1
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics counting over the agency's own list: FEMA's community rows for the state, and the state's county records by EPA radon zone. Radon zones are county-wide predictions, never a site measurement.
FEMA, NFIP Community Status Book, as of 2026-09-26. US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Maryland.
What do jobs in Maryland pay, county by county?
- Combined county product, 2024$546.03 bn
- Covered employment, summed over counties2,636,507
- Average annual pay, weighted by county employment$76,898
The average annual pay of $76,898 is weighted by each county's covered employment, not averaged across counties, so a large labor market counts for more than a small one.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2, through 2024. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How many businesses are in Maryland?
- Business establishments, summed over counties142,097
- Establishments per 1,000 residents of those counties22.9
- Employment at those establishments2,340,677
- Annual payroll$159.63 bn
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Building permits in Maryland
- Housing units permitted, summed over counties16,823
- Permitted construction value$4.61 bn
- Units permitted per 1,000 households7.1
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
SBA loan charge-off rates in Maryland
- 7(a) charge-off rate over resolved loans14.70 percent
- Resolved 7(a) loans behind that rate1,114
- 7(a) loans charged off164
- 504 charge-off rate over resolved loans3.30 percent
- Resolved 504 loans behind that rate240
- 504 loans charged off8
Of the 1,114 Maryland 7(a) loans that have reached a final outcome, 14.70 percent were charged off. The rate is taken over loans resolved in a window starting in FY2020, so it leans toward early outcomes and is not a lifetime loss rate.
Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates →
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How large is Maryland?
- Land area, summed over counties9,707 sq mi
- County-equivalents24
- People per square mile, county records639
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Which are the largest counties in Maryland?
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Montgomery County | 1,065,949 | $132,450 | 27,677 | $117.39 bn | 1,178 |
| Prince George's County | 959,754 | $101,798 | 16,350 | $65.16 bn | 1,072 |
| Baltimore County | 850,796 | $91,768 | 20,340 | $73.11 bn | 1,048 |
| Anne Arundel County | 598,166 | $124,911 | 14,718 | $69.95 bn | 826 |
| Baltimore city | 573,243 | $62,177 | 12,383 | $65.58 bn | 677 |
| Howard County | 336,328 | $149,763 | 10,050 | $37.13 bn | 637 |
| Frederick County | 287,048 | $122,002 | 6,591 | $20.35 bn | 416 |
| Harford County | 263,757 | $112,265 | 5,636 | $17.91 bn | 325 |
| Carroll County | 175,321 | $118,211 | 4,279 | $8.88 bn | 205 |
| Charles County | 170,527 | $122,816 | 2,793 | $8.67 bn | 151 |
Counties
All 24 Maryland county-equivalents, resolved locally.
Select a county
Every county opens a page carrying its own demographics, growth and migration, economic output, employment and wages, business establishments by industry, construction, SBA lending and charge off record, geography and hazard.
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals | Land area, sq mi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allegany County | 67,452 | $59,603 | 1,430 | $3.54 bn | 71 | 424 |
| Anne Arundel County | 598,166 | $124,911 | 14,718 | $69.95 bn | 826 | 415 |
| Baltimore city | 573,243 | $62,177 | 12,383 | $65.58 bn | 677 | 81 |
| Baltimore County | 850,796 | $91,768 | 20,340 | $73.11 bn | 1,048 | 598 |
| Calvert County | 94,313 | $133,922 | 1,725 | $6.25 bn | 99 | 213 |
| Caroline County | 33,669 | $68,457 | 634 | $1.59 bn | 29 | 319 |
| Carroll County | 175,321 | $118,211 | 4,279 | $8.88 bn | 205 | 448 |
| Cecil County | 104,960 | $92,007 | 1,776 | $7.15 bn | 69 | 346 |
| Charles County | 170,527 | $122,816 | 2,793 | $8.67 bn | 151 | 458 |
| Dorchester County | 32,754 | $61,839 | 687 | $1.80 bn | 27 | 541 |
| Frederick County | 287,048 | $122,002 | 6,591 | $20.35 bn | 416 | 660 |
| Garrett County | 28,615 | $67,688 | 951 | $1.79 bn | 51 | 647 |
| Harford County | 263,757 | $112,265 | 5,636 | $17.91 bn | 325 | 437 |
| Howard County | 336,328 | $149,763 | 10,050 | $37.13 bn | 637 | 251 |
| Kent County | 19,346 | $80,147 | 570 | $1.25 bn | 13 | 277 |
| Montgomery County | 1,065,949 | $132,450 | 27,677 | $117.39 bn | 1,178 | 491 |
| Prince George's County | 959,754 | $101,798 | 16,350 | $65.16 bn | 1,072 | 483 |
| Queen Anne's County | 51,825 | $112,826 | 1,421 | $2.88 bn | 81 | 372 |
| Somerset County | 24,822 | $64,943 | 360 | $1.23 bn | 6 | 320 |
| St. Mary's County | 115,126 | $119,446 | 2,090 | $10.45 bn | 81 | 357 |
| Talbot County | 37,917 | $84,811 | 1,468 | $2.79 bn | 51 | 269 |
| Washington County | 155,709 | $77,747 | 3,417 | $9.96 bn | 159 | 458 |
| Wicomico County | 104,914 | $76,210 | 2,495 | $7.09 bn | 75 | 374 |
| Worcester County | 53,700 | $81,745 | 2,256 | $4.14 bn | 76 | 468 |
A statement appears on this page only where a published document, or arithmetic over published data, supports it. How this page was built →
Questions
Maryland questions, answered from this page.
What is the population of Maryland?
The Census Bureau estimates 6,263,220 residents on July 1, 2024 (Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024).
What is the unemployment rate in Maryland?
4.1 percent in August 2026, preliminary, seasonally adjusted, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
How many SBA 7(a) loans were approved in Maryland?
6,637 loans with a project in Maryland, counted by MMCG Analytics from the SBA's 7(a) loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30.
How many counties does Maryland have?
24. Each has a page on this site covering population, income, business establishments, employment and wages, building permits, SBA lending and hazard records.
The register