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Massachusetts commercial real estate data, county by county.
The Census Bureau estimates 7,136,171 residents in Massachusetts on July 1, 2024. Every one of its 14 county-equivalents has a data page built from federal sources, each figure carrying its publisher and the period it describes.
- Population, July 1, 2024
- 7,136,171
- Households
- 2,785,042
- Median household income
- $103,960
- Gross domestic product, 2025
- $820.10 bn
- Unemployment rate
- 4.3 percent
Census Bureau population estimates and 2020 Census
How many people live in Massachusetts, and is the population growing?
- Population, July 1, 20247,136,171
- Population, April 1, 2020 estimates base7,033,132
- Change since the 2020 base1.47 percent
- Rank by population among the 50 states and DC16th of 51
- Rank by growth since 2020 among the 50 states and DC32nd of 51
- Share of residents in urban areas, 202091.3 percent
Net domestic and international migration, by year to July 1
- 2021: domestic -14,713, international +16,475
- 2022: domestic -54,843, international +72,892
- 2023: domestic -36,572, international +74,610
- 2024: domestic -27,480, international +90,217
Change since 2020 is MMCG Analytics arithmetic on the two published estimates; ranks order the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure; the urban share divides the published urban count by the published total.
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024. US Census Bureau, 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics, table P2. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
Census Bureau American Community Survey
Who lives in Massachusetts?
- Households2,785,042
- Median household income$103,960
- Median age40.0 years
- Residents under 1819.4 percent
- Residents 65 and over17.9 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a bachelor's degree or higher47.3 percent
- Median home value$562,100
- Median gross rent, per month$1,762
The three shares are MMCG Analytics arithmetic on published counts: the survey's age groups under 18 and 65 and over, and its degree counts, each divided by the published total.
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020 to 2024. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
How many people are working in Massachusetts?
- Labor force3,871,860
- Employed3,705,532
- Unemployed166,328
- Unemployment rate4.3 percent
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, August 2026, preliminary. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, gross domestic product by state
How large is the Massachusetts economy?
- Gross domestic product, 2025$820.10 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2024$778.52 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2023$737.87 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2022$696.32 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2021$650.31 bn
- Rank by 2025 gross domestic product among the 50 states and DC12th of 51
The rank orders the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional accounts, table SAGDP2, 2021 to 2025. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
SBA 7(a) and 504 loan records
How active is SBA lending in Massachusetts?
- 7(a) loans approved, FY2020 to FY20269,861
- 7(a) approval dollars, FY2020 to FY2026$3.01 bn
- Rank by 7(a) loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2020 to FY202614th of 51
- 504 loans approved, FY2010 to FY20264,354
- 504 approval dollars, FY2010 to FY2026$2.80 bn
- Rank by 504 loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2010 to FY20266th of 51
Most active 7(a) lenders, by loans approved, FY2020 to FY2026
- Eastern Bank: 2,043 loans
- TD Bank, National Association: 1,087 loans
- Rockland Trust Company: 501 loans
- Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company: 404 loans
- Webster Bank National Association: 308 loans
Most active Certified Development Companies, by 504 loans, FY2010 to FY2026
- Bay Colony Development Corporation: 1,449 loans
- Granite State Economic Development Corporation: 1,428 loans
- New England Certified Development Corporation: 772 loans
- South Eastern Economic Development Corporation: 329 loans
- Cape & Islands Community Development, Inc.: 207 loans
Industries with the most 7(a) loans, FY2020 to FY2026
- Full-Service Restaurants: 495 loans
- Landscaping Services: 352 loans
- Limited-Service Restaurants: 332 loans
- Residential Remodelers: 249 loans
- Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors: 216 loans
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics arithmetic over the SBA's loan-level records whose project state is Massachusetts: counts of records, sums of the gross approval amount, and ranks among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These are approvals, not disbursements or balances.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA loan records, FY2010 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
FEMA NFIP Community Status Book and EPA radon zones
How do flood insurance and radon screening stand in Massachusetts?
- Communities participating in the NFIP340
- Communities earning a Community Rating System discount, classes 1 to 922
- Counties in EPA radon zone 1, the highest predicted level3
- Counties in EPA radon zone 210
- Counties in EPA radon zone 31
Communities by Community Rating System class (class 1 earns the largest discount, class 10 none)
- Class 6: 2
- Class 7: 13
- Class 8: 3
- Class 9: 4
- Class 10: 3
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics counting over the agency's own list: FEMA's community rows for the state, and the state's county records by EPA radon zone. Radon zones are county-wide predictions, never a site measurement.
FEMA, NFIP Community Status Book, as of 2026-09-26. US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Massachusetts.
What do jobs in Massachusetts pay, county by county?
- Combined county product, 2024$778.52 bn
- Covered employment, summed over counties3,549,678
- Average annual pay, weighted by county employment$94,544
The average annual pay of $94,544 is weighted by each county's covered employment, not averaged across counties, so a large labor market counts for more than a small one.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2, through 2024. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How many businesses are in Massachusetts?
- Business establishments, summed over counties182,867
- Establishments per 1,000 residents of those counties26.0
- Employment at those establishments3,385,941
- Annual payroll$293.89 bn
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Building permits in Massachusetts
- Housing units permitted, summed over counties14,338
- Permitted construction value$5.14 bn
- Units permitted per 1,000 households5.1
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
SBA loan charge-off rates in Massachusetts
- 7(a) charge-off rate over resolved loans7.00 percent
- Resolved 7(a) loans behind that rate2,019
- 7(a) loans charged off142
- 504 charge-off rate over resolved loans3.10 percent
- Resolved 504 loans behind that rate1,270
- 504 loans charged off40
Of the 2,019 Massachusetts 7(a) loans that have reached a final outcome, 7.00 percent were charged off. The rate is taken over loans resolved in a window starting in FY2020, so it leans toward early outcomes and is not a lifetime loss rate.
Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates →
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How large is Massachusetts?
- Land area, summed over counties7,800 sq mi
- County-equivalents14
- People per square mile, county records903
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Which are the largest counties in Massachusetts?
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Middlesex County | 1,638,365 | $130,847 | 44,624 | $240.67 bn | 3,136 |
| Worcester County | 867,788 | $95,939 | 19,181 | $60.95 bn | 1,552 |
| Essex County | 813,054 | $101,883 | 19,988 | $60.73 bn | 2,211 |
| Suffolk County | 785,121 | $95,631 | 22,034 | $190.78 bn | 1,182 |
| Norfolk County | 730,082 | $130,739 | 20,745 | $75.07 bn | 1,556 |
| Bristol County | 582,270 | $85,625 | 13,221 | $36.04 bn | 996 |
| Plymouth County | 535,075 | $114,201 | 13,421 | $36.92 bn | 1,309 |
| Hampden County | 462,815 | $71,306 | 9,339 | $30.60 bn | 571 |
| Barnstable County | 231,668 | $95,241 | 8,957 | $19.30 bn | 969 |
| Hampshire County | 162,028 | $87,001 | 3,491 | $10.39 bn | 220 |
Counties
All 14 Massachusetts county-equivalents, resolved locally.
Select a county
Every county opens a page carrying its own demographics, growth and migration, economic output, employment and wages, business establishments by industry, construction, SBA lending and charge off record, geography and hazard.
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals | Land area, sq mi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnstable County | 231,668 | $95,241 | 8,957 | $19.30 bn | 969 | 394 |
| Berkshire County | 129,430 | $76,013 | 3,749 | $9.17 bn | 266 | 927 |
| Bristol County | 582,270 | $85,625 | 13,221 | $36.04 bn | 996 | 553 |
| Dukes County | 20,933 | $125,786 | 1,251 | $2.11 bn | 66 | 103 |
| Essex County | 813,054 | $101,883 | 19,988 | $60.73 bn | 2,211 | 493 |
| Franklin County | 70,944 | $74,907 | 1,549 | $3.70 bn | 108 | 699 |
| Hampden County | 462,815 | $71,306 | 9,339 | $30.60 bn | 571 | 617 |
| Hampshire County | 162,028 | $87,001 | 3,491 | $10.39 bn | 220 | 527 |
| Middlesex County | 1,638,365 | $130,847 | 44,624 | $240.67 bn | 3,136 | 818 |
| Nantucket County | 14,483 | $139,688 | 1,317 | $2.11 bn | 73 | 45 |
| Norfolk County | 730,082 | $130,739 | 20,745 | $75.07 bn | 1,556 | 396 |
| Plymouth County | 535,075 | $114,201 | 13,421 | $36.92 bn | 1,309 | 659 |
| Suffolk County | 785,121 | $95,631 | 22,034 | $190.78 bn | 1,182 | 58 |
| Worcester County | 867,788 | $95,939 | 19,181 | $60.95 bn | 1,552 | 1,511 |
A statement appears on this page only where a published document, or arithmetic over published data, supports it. How this page was built →
Questions
Massachusetts questions, answered from this page.
What is the population of Massachusetts?
The Census Bureau estimates 7,136,171 residents on July 1, 2024 (Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024).
What is the unemployment rate in Massachusetts?
4.3 percent in August 2026, preliminary, seasonally adjusted, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
How many SBA 7(a) loans were approved in Massachusetts?
9,861 loans with a project in Massachusetts, counted by MMCG Analytics from the SBA's 7(a) loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30.
How many counties does Massachusetts have?
14. Each has a page on this site covering population, income, business establishments, employment and wages, building permits, SBA lending and hazard records.
The register