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HomeCoverageConnecticut

Connecticut commercial real estate data, county by county.

The Census Bureau estimates 3,675,069 residents in Connecticut on July 1, 2024. Every one of its 9 county-equivalents has a data page built from federal sources, each figure carrying its publisher and the period it describes.

Population, July 1, 2024
3,675,069
Households
1,434,007
Median household income
$95,781
Gross domestic product, 2025
$376.45 bn
Unemployment rate
5.1 percent

Connecticut agency publications and federal agency publications

What changes the underwriting in Connecticut?

Energy and telecom siting council

Connecticut created a dedicated Siting Council in 1972, first known as the Power Facility Evaluation Council, to certify power facilities and transmission lines under the Public Utility Environmental Standards Act. In 1981 the Council's jurisdiction was expanded to hazardous waste facilities, and it has since been extended to telecommunications sites as well. The Council has specific jurisdiction over these statutorily defined facilities under Conn. Gen. Stat. Section 16-50g et seq.

  • Power facilities and transmission lines
  • Hazardous waste facilities added in 1981
  • Telecommunications sites

Source: Connecticut Siting Council, retrieved 26 September 2026.

No county government

Connecticut abolished county government in 1960 and transferred county functions to the state. The state's 169 towns together encompass the entire area of the state, so there is no unincorporated land. The subcounty general purpose governments in Connecticut consist of both municipal (city and borough) governments and town governments, and city, borough, and town governments have similar powers and perform similar functions.

  • County government abolished in 1960
  • 169 towns encompass the entire state
  • City, borough, and town governments have similar powers

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Aquifer protection land use limits

Connecticut designates Aquifer Protection Areas in sand and gravel aquifers that serve more than 1,000 people. Program responsibilities for the Aquifer Protection Area Program are shared by DEEP, the municipalities, and the water companies. The regulations restrict development of certain new land use activities that use, store, handle, or dispose of hazardous materials, and require existing regulated land uses to register and follow best management practices.

  • Program responsibilities shared by DEEP, municipalities, and water companies
  • Restricts certain new hazardous-materials land use activities
  • Existing regulated land uses must register and follow best management practices
  • Population served threshold for a protected well field, wellhead protection areas1,000

Source: Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Content last updated on June 22, 2026, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Enterprise zone tax abatement

Connecticut's Enterprise Zone program has grown from 6 original cities and towns in 1982 to more than 45 participating municipalities in 2021. A qualifying project that develops property in an Enterprise Zone or a zone eligible for Enterprise Zone-level benefits can receive a five-year 80% abatement of local property taxes on qualifying real estate and equipment.

  • 80 percent property tax abatement for five years
  • Grew from 6 municipalities in 1982 to more than 45 in 2021
  • Local property tax abatement, five-year abatement80 percent

Source: Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Connecticut agency publications

What drives the Connecticut economy, and how is business taxed?

Corporation business tax rate

Connecticut's Corporation Business Tax applies a 7.5% rate to the net income base and a 0.21% rate to the capital base. A company with total income of $100 million or more must also pay a 10% surtax, which is confirmed in effect for income years beginning January 1, 2026 through January 1, 2028.

  • 7.5 percent net income base rate
  • 0.21 percent capital base rate
  • 10 percent surtax above $100 million total income
  • Net income base tax rate7.5 percent
  • Capital base tax rate0.21 percent
  • Surtax rate, income years 2026 to 202810 percent

Source: Connecticut Department of Revenue Services, Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 15-Dec-2025, retrieved 26 September 2026.

State sales and use tax

Connecticut imposes a 6.35% state sales and use tax rate. There are no additional sales taxes imposed by local jurisdictions in Connecticut.

  • 6.35 percent state rate
  • No local option sales tax
  • State sales and use tax rate6.35 percent

Source: Connecticut Department of Revenue Services, Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 25-Sep-2026, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Connecticut agency publications

Which permits and hazards apply to a site in Connecticut?

Construction stormwater general permit

Connecticut DEEP issues a general permit for stormwater discharges from construction activities. The current permit was issued and took effect 1/1/2026 and expires 12/31/2030.

  • Issued 1/1/2026
  • Expires 12/31/2030

Source: Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Municipal wetlands permitting layer

Each of Connecticut's 169 towns has its own inland wetlands agency. A person proposing an activity that will likely impact an inland wetland or watercourse must first obtain a permit from that municipal agency, and the state itself issues the permit for a state agency activity or for an activity conducted on state land.

  • 169 separate municipal wetlands agencies
  • DEEP permits a state agency activity or an activity conducted on state land
  • Town wetlands agencies169

Source: Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Content last updated on March 10, 2020, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Coastal management program

Connecticut's Coastal Management Act sets goals and policies for coastal land use planning intended to keep coastal uses compatible with the protection of coastal resources. Long Island Sound covers 1,320 square miles and has more than 600 miles of coastline between New York and Connecticut. Connecticut's coastal zone has two tiers incorporated within 36 coastal townships.

  • Coastal Management Act sets goals and policies for coastal land use planning
  • 1,320 square miles of Long Island Sound
  • More than 600 miles of coastline between New York and Connecticut
  • Coastal zone has two tiers within 36 coastal townships
  • Coastal townships36
  • Long Island Sound area1,320 sq mi

Source: Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Content Last Updated March, 2026, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Statewide building code

Connecticut's current statewide building code is the 2022 Connecticut State Building Code, based on the International Code Council's 2021 International Codes and the ICC A117.1-2017 accessibility standard. It applies to projects with permit applications filed from October 1, 2022.

  • 2022 Connecticut State Building Code
  • Based on the 2021 International Codes
  • Effective for permits filed from October 1, 2022

Source: Connecticut Department of Administrative Services, retrieved 26 September 2026.

Census Bureau population estimates and 2020 Census

How many people live in Connecticut, and is the population growing?

  • Population, July 1, 20243,675,069
  • Population, April 1, 2020 estimates base3,607,701
  • Change since the 2020 base1.87 percent
  • Rank by population among the 50 states and DC29th of 51
  • Rank by growth since 2020 among the 50 states and DC26th of 51
  • Share of residents in urban areas, 202086.3 percent

Net domestic and international migration, by year to July 1

  • 2021: domestic +19,406, international +6,215
  • 2022: domestic -10,406, international +22,355
  • 2023: domestic -6,462, international +29,968
  • 2024: domestic -6,060, international +36,214

Change since 2020 is MMCG Analytics arithmetic on the two published estimates; ranks order the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure; the urban share divides the published urban count by the published total.

US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024. US Census Bureau, 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics, table P2. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Connecticut.

Census Bureau American Community Survey

Who lives in Connecticut?

  • Households1,434,007
  • Median household income$95,781
  • Median age41.1 years
  • Residents under 1820.2 percent
  • Residents 65 and over18.5 percent
  • Adults 25 and over with a bachelor's degree or higher42.5 percent
  • Median home value$366,900
  • Median gross rent, per month$1,488

The three shares are MMCG Analytics arithmetic on published counts: the survey's age groups under 18 and 65 and over, and its degree counts, each divided by the published total.

US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020 to 2024. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Connecticut.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics

How many people are working in Connecticut?

  • Labor force1,878,825
  • Employed1,782,456
  • Unemployed96,369
  • Unemployment rate5.1 percent

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, August 2026, preliminary. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Connecticut.

Bureau of Economic Analysis, gross domestic product by state

How large is the Connecticut economy?

  • Gross domestic product, 2025$376.45 bn
  • Gross domestic product, 2024$356.83 bn
  • Gross domestic product, 2023$341.85 bn
  • Gross domestic product, 2022$321.63 bn
  • Gross domestic product, 2021$297.37 bn
  • Rank by 2025 gross domestic product among the 50 states and DC24th of 51

The rank orders the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure.

US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional accounts, table SAGDP2, 2021 to 2025. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Connecticut.

SBA 7(a) and 504 loan records

How active is SBA lending in Connecticut?

  • 7(a) loans approved, FY2020 to FY20265,012
  • 7(a) approval dollars, FY2020 to FY2026$1.90 bn
  • Rank by 7(a) loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2020 to FY202624th of 51
  • 504 loans approved, FY2010 to FY20261,244
  • 504 approval dollars, FY2010 to FY2026$877.7 m
  • Rank by 504 loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2010 to FY202628th of 51

Most active 7(a) lenders, by loans approved, FY2020 to FY2026

  • Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company: 1,000 loans
  • Webster Bank National Association: 703 loans
  • TD Bank, National Association: 540 loans
  • Liberty Bank: 284 loans
  • KeyBank National Association: 209 loans

Most active Certified Development Companies, by 504 loans, FY2010 to FY2026

  • Community Investment Corporation: 645 loans
  • New England Certified Development Corporation: 472 loans
  • Housatonic Industrial Development Corporation: 55 loans
  • Bay Colony Development Corporation: 48 loans
  • Ocean State Business Development Authority: 15 loans

Industries with the most 7(a) loans, FY2020 to FY2026

  • Full-Service Restaurants: 249 loans
  • Residential Remodelers: 145 loans
  • Limited-Service Restaurants: 139 loans
  • Landscaping Services: 123 loans
  • Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors: 106 loans

Every figure here is MMCG Analytics arithmetic over the SBA's loan-level records whose project state is Connecticut: counts of records, sums of the gross approval amount, and ranks among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These are approvals, not disbursements or balances.

US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA loan records, FY2010 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Connecticut.

What do jobs in Connecticut pay, county by county?

  • Combined county product, 2024$356.83 bn
  • Covered employment, summed over counties1,634,657
  • Average annual pay, weighted by county employment$85,667

The average annual pay of $85,667 is weighted by each county's covered employment, not averaged across counties, so a large labor market counts for more than a small one.

US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2, through 2024. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.

How many businesses are in Connecticut?

  • Business establishments, summed over counties88,463
  • Establishments per 1,000 residents of those counties24.4
  • Employment at those establishments1,504,973
  • Annual payroll$114.16 bn

US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.

Building permits in Connecticut

  • Housing units permitted, summed over counties5,926
  • Permitted construction value$1.50 bn
  • Units permitted per 1,000 households4.1

US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.

SBA loan charge-off rates in Connecticut

  • 7(a) charge-off rate over resolved loans15.10 percent
  • Resolved 7(a) loans behind that rate423
  • 7(a) loans charged off64
  • 504 charge-off rate over resolved loans0.00 percent
  • Resolved 504 loans behind that rate65
  • 504 loans charged off0

Of the 423 Connecticut 7(a) loans that have reached a final outcome, 15.10 percent were charged off. The rate is taken over loans resolved in a window starting in FY2020, so it leans toward early outcomes and is not a lifetime loss rate.

Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates →

US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.

How large is Connecticut?

  • Land area, summed over counties4,842 sq mi
  • County-equivalents9
  • People per square mile, county records749

US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.

Which are the largest counties in Connecticut?

Connecticut county-equivalents by population, with the figures a site search compares them on
GeographyPopulationMedian incomeEstablishmentsCounty GDPSBA approvals
Capitol Planning Region977,290$93,39423,642$110.91 bn1,260
Western Connecticut Planning Region627,071$128,18819,955$76.34 bn954
South Central Connecticut Planning Region570,598$88,19713,779$50.13 bn727
Naugatuck Valley Planning Region454,969$86,1919,114$33.43 bn531
Greater Bridgeport Planning Region329,259$89,6676,941$33.93 bn447
Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region279,971$86,5865,883$24.09 bn235
Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region175,822$104,4284,489$16.10 bn269
Northwest Hills Planning Region113,216$93,5512,909$6.47 bn137
Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region96,312$90,5891,751$5.43 bn106

Counties

All 9 Connecticut county-equivalents, resolved locally.

Connecticut counties. Select a county to open its site intelligence page.Capitol Planning RegionGreater Bridgeport Planning RegionLower Connecticut River Valley Planning RegionNaugatuck Valley Planning RegionNortheastern Connecticut Planning RegionNorthwest Hills Planning RegionSouth Central Connecticut Planning RegionSoutheastern Connecticut Planning RegionWestern Connecticut Planning Region

Select a county

Every county opens a page carrying its own demographics, growth and migration, economic output, employment and wages, business establishments by industry, construction, SBA lending and charge off record, geography and hazard.

Connecticut counties: population, income, establishments and SBA activity
GeographyPopulationMedian incomeEstablishmentsCounty GDPSBA approvalsLand area, sq mi
Capitol Planning Region977,290$93,39423,642$110.91 bn1,2601,027
Greater Bridgeport Planning Region329,259$89,6676,941$33.93 bn447140
Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region175,822$104,4284,489$16.10 bn269424
Naugatuck Valley Planning Region454,969$86,1919,114$33.43 bn531413
Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region96,312$90,5891,751$5.43 bn106554
Northwest Hills Planning Region113,216$93,5512,909$6.47 bn137787
South Central Connecticut Planning Region570,598$88,19713,779$50.13 bn727367
Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region279,971$86,5865,883$24.09 bn235598
Western Connecticut Planning Region627,071$128,18819,955$76.34 bn954532

A statement appears on this page only where a published document, or arithmetic over published data, supports it. How this page was built →

Questions

Connecticut questions, answered from this page.

What is the population of Connecticut?

The Census Bureau estimates 3,675,069 residents on July 1, 2024 (Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024).

What is the unemployment rate in Connecticut?

5.1 percent in August 2026, preliminary, seasonally adjusted, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

How many SBA 7(a) loans were approved in Connecticut?

5,012 loans with a project in Connecticut, counted by MMCG Analytics from the SBA's 7(a) loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30.

How many counties does Connecticut have?

9. Each has a page on this site covering population, income, business establishments, employment and wages, building permits, SBA lending and hazard records.

The register

Every source behind this page and its 9 county pages.

SourcePeriod coveredLicense
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024, state totals (NST-EST2024-ALLDATA)Vintage 2024Public domain
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, state tables B01001, B01002, B01003, B11001, B15003, B19013, B25064, B250772020 to 2024, 5-yearPublic domain
US Census Bureau, 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics File, table P2, urban and rural2020 CensusPublic domain
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional accounts, table SAGDP2, gross domestic product by state, millions of current dollars2021 to 2025Public domain
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, statewide series, seasonally adjustedAugust 2026, preliminaryPublic domain
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA loan-level dataFY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30Public domain
US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA loan-level dataFY2010 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30Public domain
Federal Emergency Management Agency, NFIP Community Status Book (OpenFEMA NfipCommunityStatusBook)as of 2026-09-26Public domain
US Environmental Protection Agency, Map of Radon Zones, county list2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001Public domain
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2CAGDP2, through 2024Public domain
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary verticesTIGER county boundariesPublic domain
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns2023Public domain
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages2024 annual averagesPublic domain
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey2024 annualPublic domain
US Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income county migration flows2021 to 2022 filing yearsPublic domain