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Montana commercial real estate data, county by county.
The Census Bureau estimates 1,137,233 residents in Montana on July 1, 2024. Every one of its 56 county-equivalents has a data page built from federal sources, each figure carrying its publisher and the period it describes.
- Population, July 1, 2024
- 1,137,233
- Households
- 458,859
- Median household income
- $72,509
- Gross domestic product, 2025
- $82.36 bn
- Unemployment rate
- 3.2 percent
Montana agency publications
What does Montana law require before a site is developed?
Zoning enabling statutes
Montana authorizes county zoning and municipal zoning as separate statutes. When establishing boundaries for zoning districts and adopting zoning regulations, the county must post notice not less than 45 days before the public hearing and publish notice once a week for 2 weeks in a newspaper of general circulation. After the hearing, the county may pass a resolution of intention, published once a week for 2 weeks, followed by a 30 day period for written comments. When amending a zoning regulation, the county must provide notice of a public hearing posted not less than 15 days before the hearing. Municipal zoning may not become effective until after a public hearing at which parties in interest and citizens have an opportunity to be heard.
- County zoning boundary notice posting period45 days
- County zoning written comment period30 days
- County zoning amendment notice posting period15 days
Source: Montana Legislative Services Division, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Growth policy (comprehensive plan)
A growth policy in Montana is not a regulatory document and does not confer any authority to regulate that is not otherwise specifically authorized by law. A governing body may not withhold, deny, or impose conditions on a land use approval based solely on compliance with a growth policy.
Source: Montana Legislative Services Division, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Development impact fee requirements
Montana's impact fee enabling act requires the governmental entity to prepare and approve a service area report for each public facility for which an impact fee is imposed. The capital improvement schedule in that report must cover at least a 5 year period and be reviewed and updated at least every 5 years. Each impact fee must be reasonably related to and reasonably attributable to the development's share of the cost of infrastructure improvements made necessary by the new development, and may not include costs for correction of existing deficiencies.
- Capital improvement schedule minimum period5 years
Source: Montana Legislative Services Division, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Environmental impact statement requirement
Montana requires agencies of the state to include in each recommendation or report on proposals for projects, programs, and other major actions of state government significantly affecting the quality of Montana's environment a detailed statement. The alternatives analysis or the resulting recommendations may not bind the project sponsor to take a recommended course of action. The department of public service regulation is exempt from this requirement in exercising its regulatory authority over rates and charges of railroads, motor carriers, and public utilities.
Source: Montana Legislative Services Division, amd. Sec. 8, Ch. 246, L. 2025, retrieved 26 September 2026.
Census Bureau population estimates and 2020 Census
How many people live in Montana, and is the population growing?
- Population, July 1, 20241,137,233
- Population, April 1, 2020 estimates base1,084,216
- Change since the 2020 base4.89 percent
- Rank by population among the 50 states and DC43rd of 51
- Rank by growth since 2020 among the 50 states and DC10th of 51
- Share of residents in urban areas, 202053.4 percent
Net domestic and international migration, by year to July 1
- 2021: domestic +20,539, international +713
- 2022: domestic +15,661, international +989
- 2023: domestic +9,110, international +371
- 2024: domestic +5,410, international +506
Change since 2020 is MMCG Analytics arithmetic on the two published estimates; ranks order the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure; the urban share divides the published urban count by the published total.
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024. US Census Bureau, 2020 Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics, table P2. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
Census Bureau American Community Survey
Who lives in Montana?
- Households458,859
- Median household income$72,509
- Median age40.4 years
- Residents under 1821.0 percent
- Residents 65 and over20.1 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a bachelor's degree or higher35.2 percent
- Median home value$375,800
- Median gross rent, per month$1,081
The three shares are MMCG Analytics arithmetic on published counts: the survey's age groups under 18 and 65 and over, and its degree counts, each divided by the published total.
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020 to 2024. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
How many people are working in Montana?
- Labor force574,642
- Employed556,375
- Unemployed18,267
- Unemployment rate3.2 percent
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, August 2026, preliminary. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
Bureau of Economic Analysis, gross domestic product by state
How large is the Montana economy?
- Gross domestic product, 2025$82.36 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2024$78.44 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2023$74.69 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2022$69.09 bn
- Gross domestic product, 2021$60.31 bn
- Rank by 2025 gross domestic product among the 50 states and DC46th of 51
The rank orders the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the published figure.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional accounts, table SAGDP2, 2021 to 2025. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
SBA 7(a) and 504 loan records
How active is SBA lending in Montana?
- 7(a) loans approved, FY2020 to FY20261,377
- 7(a) approval dollars, FY2020 to FY2026$720.3 m
- Rank by 7(a) loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2020 to FY202642nd of 51
- 504 loans approved, FY2010 to FY2026562
- 504 approval dollars, FY2010 to FY2026$389.8 m
- Rank by 504 loan count among the 50 states and DC, FY2010 to FY202640th of 51
Most active 7(a) lenders, by loans approved, FY2020 to FY2026
- Glacier Bank: 159 loans
- The Yellowstone Bank: 116 loans
- U.S. Bank, National Association: 100 loans
- Wells Fargo Bank National Association: 78 loans
- First Interstate Bank: 68 loans
Most active Certified Development Companies, by 504 loans, FY2010 to FY2026
- Big Sky Economic Development Corporation: 303 loans
- Capital Matrix, Inc.: 111 loans
- Dakota Business Lending: 82 loans
- High Plains Financial, Inc.: 45 loans
- Mountain West Small Business Finance: 12 loans
Industries with the most 7(a) loans, FY2020 to FY2026
- Limited-Service Restaurants: 49 loans
- Full-Service Restaurants: 44 loans
- Hotels (except Casino Hotels) and Motels: 36 loans
- Landscaping Services: 32 loans
- Snack and Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars: 29 loans
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics arithmetic over the SBA's loan-level records whose project state is Montana: counts of records, sums of the gross approval amount, and ranks among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. These are approvals, not disbursements or balances.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA loan records, FY2010 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
FEMA NFIP Community Status Book and EPA radon zones
How do flood insurance and radon screening stand in Montana?
- Communities participating in the NFIP136
- Communities earning a Community Rating System discount, classes 1 to 910
- Counties in EPA radon zone 1, the highest predicted level49
- Counties in EPA radon zone 27
- Counties in EPA radon zone 30
Communities by Community Rating System class (class 1 earns the largest discount, class 10 none)
- Class 6: 1
- Class 7: 4
- Class 8: 4
- Class 9: 1
- Class 10: 3
Every figure here is MMCG Analytics counting over the agency's own list: FEMA's community rows for the state, and the state's county records by EPA radon zone. Radon zones are county-wide predictions, never a site measurement.
FEMA, NFIP Community Status Book, as of 2026-09-26. US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001. Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics; the rest are the agency's own figures for Montana.
What do jobs in Montana pay, county by county?
- Combined county product, 2024$78.44 bn
- Covered employment, summed over counties499,474
- Average annual pay, weighted by county employment$58,806
The average annual pay of $58,806 is weighted by each county's covered employment, not averaged across counties, so a large labor market counts for more than a small one.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2, through 2024. US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How many businesses are in Montana?
- Business establishments, summed over counties42,150
- Establishments per 1,000 residents of those counties37.7
- Employment at those establishments402,116
- Annual payroll$21.25 bn
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Building permits in Montana
- Housing units permitted, summed over counties5,367
- Permitted construction value$1.35 bn
- Units permitted per 1,000 households11.7
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
SBA loan charge-off rates in Montana
- 7(a) charge-off rate over resolved loans3.60 percent
- Resolved 7(a) loans behind that rate360
- 7(a) loans charged off13
- 504 charge-off rate over resolved loans0.00 percent
- Resolved 504 loans behind that rate145
- 504 loans charged off0
Of the 360 Montana 7(a) loans that have reached a final outcome, 3.60 percent were charged off. The rate is taken over loans resolved in a window starting in FY2020, so it leans toward early outcomes and is not a lifetime loss rate.
Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates →
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
How large is Montana?
- Land area, summed over counties145,543 sq mi
- County-equivalents56
- People per square mile, county records8
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. Every figure in this section is computed by MMCG Analytics from the county records on this site.
Which are the largest counties in Montana?
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellowstone County | 168,957 | $76,570 | 6,060 | $14.02 bn | 427 |
| Gallatin County | 124,074 | $93,528 | 6,828 | $11.88 bn | 365 |
| Missoula County | 120,672 | $75,598 | 4,816 | $9.09 bn | 177 |
| Flathead County | 110,695 | $73,925 | 5,092 | $7.21 bn | 260 |
| Cascade County | 84,606 | $67,690 | 2,472 | $5.71 bn | 131 |
| Lewis and Clark County | 73,464 | $78,237 | 2,603 | $5.69 bn | 118 |
| Ravalli County | 46,727 | $71,283 | 1,715 | $1.93 bn | 56 |
| Silver Bow County | 35,785 | $61,754 | 1,208 | $2.22 bn | 23 |
| Lake County | 32,561 | $63,360 | 991 | $1.35 bn | 62 |
| Lincoln County | 21,175 | $47,143 | 671 | $880.5 m | 12 |
Counties
All 56 Montana county-equivalents, resolved locally.
Select a county
Every county opens a page carrying its own demographics, growth and migration, economic output, employment and wages, business establishments by industry, construction, SBA lending and charge off record, geography and hazard.
| Geography | Population | Median income | Establishments | County GDP | SBA approvals | Land area, sq mi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beaverhead County | 9,713 | $61,268 | 399 | $672.5 m | 10 | 5,542 |
| Big Horn County | 12,891 | $58,750 | 181 | $1.29 bn | 5 | 4,995 |
| Blaine County | 6,949 | $64,813 | 135 | $227.4 m | 8 | 4,228 |
| Broadwater County | 7,668 | $70,374 | 207 | $306.5 m | 5 | 1,193 |
| Carbon County | 11,116 | $80,261 | 474 | $523.7 m | 37 | 2,049 |
| Carter County | 1,308 | $54,167 | 28 | $92.1 m | None recorded | 3,341 |
| Cascade County | 84,606 | $67,690 | 2,472 | $5.71 bn | 131 | 2,698 |
| Chouteau County | 5,906 | $58,218 | 153 | $292.5 m | 6 | 3,972 |
| Custer County | 11,961 | $70,605 | 454 | $695.6 m | 16 | 3,783 |
| Daniels County | 1,494 | $55,625 | 76 | $122.6 m | 3 | 1,426 |
| Dawson County | 8,827 | $71,334 | 295 | $515.1 m | 10 | 2,372 |
| Deer Lodge County | 9,597 | $57,527 | 312 | $431.3 m | 6 | 737 |
| Fallon County | 2,760 | $76,250 | 127 | $223.5 m | 3 | 1,621 |
| Fergus County | 11,687 | $63,706 | 444 | $776.7 m | 15 | 4,340 |
| Flathead County | 110,695 | $73,925 | 5,092 | $7.21 bn | 260 | 5,088 |
| Gallatin County | 124,074 | $93,528 | 6,828 | $11.88 bn | 365 | 2,603 |
| Garfield County | 1,094 | $69,583 | 29 | $43.0 m | None recorded | 4,675 |
| Glacier County | 13,637 | $46,875 | 230 | $649.7 m | 2 | 2,996 |
| Golden Valley County | 899 | $58,333 | 10 | $32.9 m | None recorded | 1,175 |
| Granite County | 3,462 | $59,265 | 119 | $165.8 m | 5 | 1,727 |
| Hill County | 16,155 | $52,798 | 493 | $925.3 m | 5 | 2,899 |
| Jefferson County | 12,774 | $95,490 | 342 | $392.8 m | 19 | 1,656 |
| Judith Basin County | 2,071 | $59,000 | 60 | $138.6 m | 1 | 1,870 |
| Lake County | 32,561 | $63,360 | 991 | $1.35 bn | 62 | 1,490 |
| Lewis and Clark County | 73,464 | $78,237 | 2,603 | $5.69 bn | 118 | 3,459 |
| Liberty County | 1,952 | $57,857 | 69 | $323.8 m | 2 | 1,430 |
| Lincoln County | 21,175 | $47,143 | 671 | $880.5 m | 12 | 3,613 |
| Madison County | 9,223 | $75,250 | 427 | $651.0 m | 6 | 3,587 |
| McCone County | 1,670 | $69,375 | 57 | $150.8 m | 1 | 2,643 |
| Meagher County | 2,007 | $71,932 | 93 | $89.7 m | 4 | 2,392 |
| Mineral County | 4,959 | $63,450 | 144 | $163.6 m | 4 | 1,219 |
| Missoula County | 120,672 | $75,598 | 4,816 | $9.09 bn | 177 | 2,593 |
| Musselshell County | 5,152 | $58,920 | 118 | $513.9 m | 1 | 1,868 |
| Park County | 17,710 | $70,047 | 943 | $898.9 m | 27 | 2,803 |
| Petroleum County | 447 | $60,208 | 11 | $22.7 m | None recorded | 1,655 |
| Phillips County | 4,221 | $53,417 | 135 | $163.8 m | 7 | 5,140 |
| Pondera County | 6,035 | $52,338 | 182 | $302.1 m | 5 | 1,623 |
| Powder River County | 1,815 | $67,045 | 68 | $153.1 m | 2 | 3,297 |
| Powell County | 7,053 | $66,923 | 176 | $356.5 m | 1 | 2,326 |
| Prairie County | 1,250 | $51,250 | 35 | $62.1 m | None recorded | 1,737 |
| Ravalli County | 46,727 | $71,283 | 1,715 | $1.93 bn | 56 | 2,391 |
| Richland County | 11,235 | $73,084 | 498 | $1.19 bn | 20 | 2,084 |
| Roosevelt County | 10,526 | $57,063 | 206 | $549.3 m | 5 | 2,355 |
| Rosebud County | 8,165 | $49,914 | 178 | $1.08 bn | 7 | 5,010 |
| Sanders County | 13,285 | $57,476 | 394 | $552.2 m | 14 | 2,761 |
| Sheridan County | 3,669 | $70,147 | 152 | $240.8 m | 2 | 1,677 |
| Silver Bow County | 35,785 | $61,754 | 1,208 | $2.22 bn | 23 | 718 |
| Stillwater County | 9,182 | $84,732 | 263 | $725.1 m | 14 | 1,795 |
| Sweet Grass County | 3,720 | $77,000 | 187 | $314.8 m | 6 | 1,855 |
| Teton County | 6,353 | $70,430 | 232 | $299.9 m | 4 | 2,272 |
| Toole County | 5,061 | $57,731 | 174 | $488.9 m | 2 | 1,916 |
| Treasure County | 732 | $67,917 | 17 | $107.7 m | None recorded | 977 |
| Valley County | 7,519 | $71,695 | 276 | $394.0 m | 15 | 4,926 |
| Wheatland County | 2,056 | $49,489 | 60 | $107.4 m | 1 | 1,423 |
| Wibaux County | 1,193 | $67,462 | 31 | $59.2 m | 2 | 889 |
| Yellowstone County | 168,957 | $76,570 | 6,060 | $14.02 bn | 427 | 2,633 |
A statement appears on this page only where a published document, or arithmetic over published data, supports it. How this page was built →
Questions
Montana questions, answered from this page.
What is the population of Montana?
The Census Bureau estimates 1,137,233 residents on July 1, 2024 (Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024).
What is the unemployment rate in Montana?
3.2 percent in August 2026, preliminary, seasonally adjusted, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
How many SBA 7(a) loans were approved in Montana?
1,377 loans with a project in Montana, counted by MMCG Analytics from the SBA's 7(a) loan records, FY2020 to FY2026, records as of 2026-06-30.
How many counties does Montana have?
56. Each has a page on this site covering population, income, business establishments, employment and wages, building permits, SBA lending and hazard records.
The register