Cumberland County, Maine: commercial real estate data.
Cumberland County, Maine had an estimated 313,809 residents on July 1, 2024, up 3.5 percent since the 2020 census base of 303,080, across 835 square miles. County output reached $34.62 bn in 2024, 12,242 establishments operate here, and the SBA record carries 665 7(a) approvals worth $165.9 m since FY2020.
Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics, not published by the agency.
Cumberland County
How many people live in Cumberland County
- Population, American Community Survey 2020-2024308,827
- Households132,168
- Average household size2.34
- Median household income$95,677
- Median age42.2
- Median gross rent$1,589 per month
- Median owner-occupied home value$451,200
- Home value to household income4.7 times
- Annual rent as a share of median income19.9 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a bachelor degree or higher53.0 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a graduate degree21.4 percent
- Adults 25 and over227,438
- Population under 1855,706
- Share under 1818.0 percent
- Population 65 and over62,956
- Share 65 and over20.4 percent
- Working age population, 18 to 64190,165
- Civilian labor force175,357
- Unemployment rate3.1 percent
- Labor force participation, adults 18 and over69.3 percent
- Rank by population among Maine counties1st of 16
- Rank by population among US county-equivalents, Puerto Rico included234th of 3,222
Cumberland County is the 1st largest of 16 Maine counties by population. A median home costs 4.7 times median household income, which is seriously unaffordable by national standards. Residents 65 and over outnumber those under 18, at 20.4 percent against 18.0 percent, which points demand at health care, services and single story product rather than schools.
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
Cumberland County
Is Cumberland County's population growing?
- Population, July 1, 2024313,809
- Census 2020 base population303,080
- Population change since the 2020 census base3.54 percent
- Population change, 2023 to 20242,551
- Births, 20242,863
- Deaths, 20242,882
- Natural change, 2024-19
- Net domestic migration, 2024187
- Net international migration, 20242,378
- Total net migration, 20242,565
- Cumulative net domestic migration, 2021 to 20244,447
- Rank by growth among US county-equivalents769th of 3,144
The county has grown 3.54 percent since the 2020 census base. Deaths exceeded births in 2024 and the population still grew, so all of the growth came from people moving in. A market held up by migration is more sensitive to a change in relative cost than one growing from household formation.
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024, Vintage 2024, estimates 2020 to 2024.
Cumberland County
Where are people moving to Cumberland County from?
- Tax returns filed by households arriving9,627
- People arriving, from those returns14,355
- Tax returns filed by households leaving9,319
- Net household movement308
- Adjusted gross income arriving$950.9 m
- Net adjusted gross income movement$160.1 m
- Average income of an arriving household$98,777
- Average income of a leaving household$84,861
- Largest single originYork County (1,379 households)
- Largest single destinationYork County (1,738 households)
| Origin | Households | People | Adjusted gross income |
|---|---|---|---|
| York County | 1,379 | 2,019 | $79.9 m |
| Androscoggin County | 556 | 854 | $41.6 m |
| Middlesex County | 360 | 516 | $63.1 m |
| Sagadahoc County | 312 | 459 | $25.5 m |
| Kennebec County | 278 | 397 | $16.8 m |
| Oxford County | 246 | 399 | $15.3 m |
| Penobscot County | 239 | 307 | $16.2 m |
| Suffolk County | 228 | 303 | $32.3 m |
Households arriving report $13,916 more average income than households leaving, so the migration is raising local spending power rather than just moving it around. The largest single source of arrivals is York County, which is the catchment a retail or multifamily study should look at first.
US Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income county migration flows, 2021 to 2022 filing years.
Cumberland County
What is the Cumberland County economy?
- County GDP, 2024$34.62 bn
- County GDP, 2023$32.58 bn
- GDP change, 2023 to 20246.2 percent
- GDP change over five years39.5 percent
- Rank by GDP among the Maine areas BEA publishes1st of 16
- Rank by GDP among the US county areas BEA publishes171st of 3,127
- GDP per resident$112,089
Output grew 6.2 percent in the latest year and 39.5 percent over five, which is the trend line a lender will read behind any single year figure.
US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional, table CAGDP2, CAGDP2, through 2024.
Cumberland County
Employment by industry in Cumberland County
- Covered employment, annual average192,475
- Establishments reporting18,210
- Average annual pay$71,351
- Average weekly wage$1,372
- Health care and social assistance, employment37,547
- Health care and social assistance, average annual pay$72,034
- Retail trade, employment21,810
- Retail trade, average annual pay$42,057
- Accommodation and food services, employment17,711
- Accommodation and food services, average annual pay$34,759
- Professional, scientific and technical services, employment14,229
- Professional, scientific and technical services, average annual pay$111,448
- Manufacturing, employment10,995
- Finance and insurance, employment10,227
| Sector | Employment | Establishments | Average annual pay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health care and social assistance | 37,547 | 1,649 | $72,034 |
| Retail trade | 21,810 | 1,410 | $42,057 |
| Accommodation and food services | 17,711 | 1,133 | $34,759 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 14,229 | 4,290 | $111,448 |
| Manufacturing | 10,995 | 472 | $78,928 |
| Finance and insurance | 10,227 | 812 | $128,616 |
| Administrative and support and waste management services | 8,574 | 956 | $56,727 |
| Management of companies and enterprises | 7,362 | 880 | $119,319 |
Health care and social assistance is the largest private sector at 37,547 jobs, 19.5 percent of covered employment.
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages.
Cumberland County
How many businesses are in Cumberland County?
- Establishments, all industries12,242
- Employment at those establishments190,022
- Annual payroll$12.48 bn
- Establishments per 1,000 residents39.6
These are counts of establishments physically operating in the county, not listings, so they are the supply side a feasibility study measures demand against. County Business Patterns counts private establishments with paid employees in March 2023, while the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages above counts every unemployment-insured employer, public ones included, as a 2024 annual average, so the two establishment and employment counts differ.
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
Cumberland County
Building permits in Cumberland County
- Housing units authorized by permit, 20241,385
- Declared construction value permitted$441.6 m
- Single family units authorized798
- Multifamily units authorized587
- Multifamily share of units42.4 percent
- Average declared value per unit$318,814
- Units authorized per 1,000 households10.5
Multifamily is 42.4 percent of units authorized, so the pipeline is being built for renters rather than buyers.
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual.
Cumberland County
SBA loans in Cumberland County (7(a) and 504)
- 7(a) approvals recorded665
- 7(a) gross approval dollars$165.9 m
- Average 7(a) approval$249,415
- Median 7(a) approval$117,000
- 10th percentile approval$25,000
- 90th percentile approval$500,000
- Largest single approval$5,000,000
- Jobs reported supported, 7(a)6,570
- Jobs per approval9.9
- Distinct 7(a) lenders active52
- Distinct industries receiving approvals205
- Median 7(a) term120 months
- Share of loans on real estate terms, 240 months or longer4.7 percent
- Loans on real estate terms31
- Loans on working capital terms, 120 months or shorter613
- Franchise loans36
- Franchise share of approvals5.4 percent
- Leading industry by approval countFull-Service Restaurants (45)
- Most active lenderMaine Community Bank (136)
- 504 approvals recorded348
- 504 gross approval dollars$204.3 m
- Average 504 approval$587,066
- Median 504 approval$361,000
- Distinct CDCs active3
- 504 jobs per approval7.7
- 504 jobs per million dollars approved13.1
- Most active CDCGranite State Economic Development Corporation (305)
- Combined SBA approval dollars, 7(a) FY2020 to FY2026 and 504 FY2010 to FY2026$370.2 m
The average approval of $249,415 sits well above the median of $117,000, pulled up by a few larger deals, so the median is the better guide to what a typical borrower here gets. Only 4.7 percent of approvals run on real estate terms, so SBA credit here is mostly working capital and equipment rather than property acquisition.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Cumberland County
SBA loan default and charge-off rates in Cumberland County
Do SBA loans in Cumberland County get paid back?
- Loans with a final outcome recorded151
- Paid in full147
- Charged off4
- Charge-off rate on resolved loans2.6 percent
- Status: Paid in full147
- Status: Exempt from disclosure405
- Status: Cancelled81
- Status: Committed, not yet disbursed28
- Status: Charged off4
Of the 151 loans that have reached a final outcome, 2.6 percent were charged off. This is computed only over resolved loans, because a loan still running has not yet succeeded or failed and counting it either way would be wrong.
Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates, computed the same way over resolved loans only.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Cumberland County
SBA lending by place in Cumberland County
- Borrower cities with recorded lending35
- Portland, approvals209
- Scarborough, approvals60
- South Portland, approvals52
- Brunswick, approvals46
- Westbrook, approvals43
- Windham, approvals41
| Borrower city | Approvals | Gross approval dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Portland | 209 | $51,496,400 |
| Scarborough | 60 | $18,303,900 |
| South Portland | 52 | $12,245,700 |
| Brunswick | 46 | $11,118,300 |
| Westbrook | 43 | $11,718,800 |
| Windham | 41 | $8,931,300 |
| Falmouth | 33 | $8,581,900 |
| Gorham | 26 | $4,012,900 |
| 27 other borrower cities | 155 | $39,452,000 |
Portland accounts for 209 approvals against 60 in Scarborough. County level figures average over that gap, which is why a site decision is made at the submarket rather than the county.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Cumberland County
How large is Cumberland County?
- Land area835 sq mi
- Rank by land area among Maine counties11th of 16
- Width, east to west48.2 mi
- Height, north to south43.9 mi
- Geographies sharing a boundary4
- Residents per square mile of land370
- Establishments per square mile14.66
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
Cumberland County
Flood risk in Cumberland County
- Communities in the county in the NFIP Community Status Book28
- Of those, participating in the NFIP27
- NFIP participation rate96.4 percent
- Best Community Rating System class in the county A lower CRS class is a larger flood insurance premium discount.Class 8
- Communities carrying a CRS class2
- Radon levels in Cumberland County, EPA zone predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/LZone 1
The EPA places Cumberland County in radon zone 1, a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L. The zone is a screening prediction for the county and does not substitute for a test at an address. The best Community Rating System class among the county's communities is 8, which carries a flood insurance premium discount for policies written in that community. 96.4 percent of the county's listed communities participate in the National Flood Insurance Program, per Federal Emergency Management Agency, NFIP Community Status Book (OpenFEMA), as of 2026-09-26.
Federal Emergency Management Agency, NFIP Community Status Book (OpenFEMA), as of 2026-09-26. US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, county spreadsheet, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001.
Coverage
What this page does not hold.
Traffic counts, zoning and the flood zone at an address are not on this page; they resolve at the address in the platform. How this page was built →
Feasibility studies
When a Cumberland County site needs a document a lender will accept.
The same data layer behind this page is the one the studies are written from. A study for a Cumberland County site starts with the figures you are reading, carrying the same source and period into the credit file.
- Population, American Community Survey 2020-2024308,827
- Households132,168
- Average household size2.34
- Median household income$95,677
- Median age42.2
Common questions
Cumberland County questions, answered from the record.
How many people live in Cumberland County, Maine?
The Census Bureau estimates 313,809 residents on July 1, 2024 (US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024). The American Community Survey 2020-2024 five-year estimate is 308,827, in 132,168 households, ranking 1st of 16 Maine counties. Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
Is Cumberland County's population growing?
The population has grown 3.54 percent since the 2020 census base of 303,080, to 313,809 on July 1, 2024. In 2024 there were 2,863 births against 2,882 deaths, with net migration of 2,565. Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024, Vintage 2024, estimates 2020 to 2024.
What is the median household income in Cumberland County?
$95,677. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $451,200, which is 4.7 times income, and median gross rent is $1,589 per month. Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
How many businesses are in Cumberland County?
12,242 establishments, employing 190,022 people with an annual payroll of $12.48 bn. These are establishments physically operating in the county, not listings. Source: US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
What is employment by industry in Cumberland County?
Health care and social assistance is the largest private sector at 37,547 jobs, 19.5 percent of covered employment. Covered employment averages 192,475 jobs at an average annual pay of $71,351, or $1,372 a week. Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages.
How much SBA lending happens in Cumberland County?
665 7(a) approvals totaling $165.9 m since FY2020, across 52 lenders, with a median approval of $117,000, plus 348 504 approvals worth $204.3 m since FY2010. These are approvals recorded in the release, not loans disbursed.
Do SBA loans in Cumberland County get paid back?
Of the 151 loans that have reached a final outcome, 147 were paid in full and 4 charged off, a charge-off rate of 2.6 percent. Loans still running are excluded, because they have not yet succeeded or failed.
How many building permits were issued in Cumberland County?
1,385 housing units were authorized by permit in 2024, with a declared construction value of $441.6 m. Multifamily was 42.4 percent of units. Source: US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual.
What is the radon zone for Cumberland County?
Zone 1, a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L. Source: US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, county spreadsheet, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001.
Where do people moving to Cumberland County come from?
The largest single origin is York County, with 1,379 households. Arriving households report an average income of $98,777 against $84,861 for those leaving. Source: US Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income county migration flows, 2021 to 2022 filing years.
Are traffic counts available for Cumberland County on this page?
No. Annual average daily traffic resolves in the platform rather than in this dataset, so no AADT figure is printed here. It is a gap we know about rather than a figure we estimated.
Is zoning published for Cumberland County?
No. Nothing on this page presents parcel level zoning, and where a statutory framework applies it is marked as the statewide frame, to be confirmed locally.
Cumberland County
Cities and places in Cumberland.
23 Census places lie wholly or partly in Cumberland County. All 23 carry enough published place level data for a page of their own and are linked.
| Place | Type | Population | SBA 7(a) approvals, projects in this county | Lies in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portland | city | 68,854 | 209 | Wholly in this county |
| South Portland | city | 26,930 | 52 | Wholly in this county |
| Westbrook | city | 20,775 | 43 | Wholly in this county |
| Brunswick | CDP | 17,652 | 46 | Wholly in this county |
| Gorham | CDP | 7,593 | 26 | Wholly in this county |
| Yarmouth | CDP | 6,289 | 22 | Wholly in this county |
| Oak Hill | CDP | 5,631 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| North Windham | CDP | 5,417 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Cumberland Center | CDP | 2,790 | 9 | Wholly in this county |
| Dunstan | CDP | 2,363 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Falmouth Foreside | CDP | 2,051 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Steep Falls | CDP | 1,861 | 2 | Wholly in this county |
| Bridgton | CDP | 1,756 | 9 | Wholly in this county |
| Falmouth | CDP | 1,585 | 33 | Wholly in this county |
| Freeport | CDP | 1,441 | 20 | Wholly in this county |
| South Windham | CDP | 1,212 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Gray | CDP | 938 | 14 | Wholly in this county |
| Little Falls | CDP | 718 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Cousins Island | CDP | 658 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Casco | CDP | 618 | 2 | Wholly in this county |
| Naples | CDP | 527 | 6 | Wholly in this county |
| Standish | CDP | 360 | 12 | Wholly in this county |
| Littlejohn Island | CDP | 73 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
A further 160 of the county's 665 SBA 7(a) approvals are to borrowers in cities that match no Census place in Cumberland County, the largest being Scarborough (60), Windham (41), Raymond (13). Those are postal cities, unincorporated areas and cities outside the county, so no place row claims them; they are counted in the county total above.
Nearby