Rockingham County, Virginia: commercial real estate data.
Rockingham County, Virginia had an estimated 87,674 residents on July 1, 2024, up 4.7 percent since the 2020 census base of 83,765, across 849 square miles. 1,648 establishments operate here, and the SBA record carries 38 7(a) approvals worth $16.7 m since FY2020.
Underlined figures are computed by MMCG Analytics, not published by the agency.
Rockingham County
How many people live in Rockingham County
- Population, American Community Survey 2020-202485,600
- Households32,686
- Average household size2.62
- Median household income$80,693
- Median age40.1
- Median gross rent$1,160 per month
- Median owner-occupied home value$313,000
- Home value to household income3.9 times
- Annual rent as a share of median income17.3 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a bachelor degree or higher29.0 percent
- Adults 25 and over with a graduate degree11.7 percent
- Adults 25 and over58,774
- Population under 1818,926
- Share under 1822.1 percent
- Population 65 and over17,185
- Share 65 and over20.1 percent
- Working age population, 18 to 6449,489
- Civilian labor force43,773
- Unemployment rate2.7 percent
- Labor force participation, adults 18 and over65.7 percent
- Rank by population among Virginia counties24th of 133
- Rank by population among US county-equivalents, Puerto Rico included685th of 3,222
Rockingham County is the 24th largest of 133 Virginia counties by population. A median home costs 3.9 times median household income, which is moderately unaffordable by national standards. Residents under 18 outnumber those 65 and over, at 22.1 percent against 20.1 percent, a household formation profile rather than a retirement one.
US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
Rockingham County
Is Rockingham County's population growing?
- Population, July 1, 202487,674
- Census 2020 base population83,765
- Population change since the 2020 census base4.67 percent
- Population change, 2023 to 20241,044
- Births, 2024863
- Deaths, 2024975
- Natural change, 2024-112
- Net domestic migration, 2024792
- Net international migration, 2024367
- Total net migration, 20241,159
- Cumulative net domestic migration, 2021 to 20243,249
- Rank by growth among US county-equivalents583rd of 3,144
The county has grown 4.67 percent since the 2020 census base. Deaths exceeded births in 2024 and the population still grew, so all of the growth came from people moving in. A market held up by migration is more sensitive to a change in relative cost than one growing from household formation.
US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024, Vintage 2024, estimates 2020 to 2024.
Rockingham County
Where are people moving to Rockingham County from?
- Tax returns filed by households arriving2,298
- People arriving, from those returns4,238
- Tax returns filed by households leaving1,963
- Net household movement335
- Adjusted gross income arriving$147.3 m
- Net adjusted gross income movement$24.8 m
- Average income of an arriving household$64,084
- Average income of a leaving household$62,376
- Largest single originHarrisonburg city (775 households)
- Largest single destinationHarrisonburg city (522 households)
| Origin | Households | People | Adjusted gross income |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harrisonburg city | 775 | 1,494 | $43.6 m |
| Augusta County | 192 | 376 | $11.1 m |
| Page County | 107 | 211 | $5.0 m |
| Shenandoah County | 101 | 183 | $5.5 m |
| Staunton city | 50 | 82 | $2.4 m |
| Fairfax County | 37 | 70 | $3.9 m |
| Albemarle County | 34 | 59 | $2.6 m |
| Waynesboro city | 26 | 55 | $1.6 m |
Households arriving report $1,708 more average income than households leaving, so the migration is raising local spending power rather than just moving it around. The largest single source of arrivals is Harrisonburg city, which is the catchment a retail or multifamily study should look at first.
US Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income county migration flows, 2021 to 2022 filing years.
Rockingham County
Employment by industry in Rockingham County
- Covered employment, annual average35,104
- Establishments reporting2,058
- Average annual pay$57,264
- Average weekly wage$1,101
- Manufacturing, employment6,409
- Manufacturing, average annual pay$65,568
- Health care and social assistance, employment4,445
- Health care and social assistance, average annual pay$61,062
- Transportation and warehousing, employment3,467
- Transportation and warehousing, average annual pay$57,425
- Construction, employment3,113
- Construction, average annual pay$63,311
- Retail trade, employment2,662
- Accommodation and food services, employment2,563
| Sector | Employment | Establishments | Average annual pay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing | 6,409 | 99 | $65,568 |
| Health care and social assistance | 4,445 | 371 | $61,062 |
| Transportation and warehousing | 3,467 | 100 | $57,425 |
| Construction | 3,113 | 312 | $63,311 |
| Retail trade | 2,662 | 223 | $32,555 |
| Accommodation and food services | 2,563 | 96 | $24,852 |
| Administrative and support and waste management services | 1,261 | 103 | $46,264 |
| Professional, scientific and technical services | 785 | 128 | $83,492 |
Manufacturing is the largest private sector at 6,409 jobs, 18.3 percent of covered employment.
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages.
Rockingham County
How many businesses are in Rockingham County?
- Establishments, all industries1,648
- Employment at those establishments29,517
- Annual payroll$1.62 bn
- Establishments per 1,000 residents19.3
These are counts of establishments physically operating in the county, not listings, so they are the supply side a feasibility study measures demand against. County Business Patterns counts private establishments with paid employees in March 2023, while the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages above counts every unemployment-insured employer, public ones included, as a 2024 annual average, so the two establishment and employment counts differ.
US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
Rockingham County
Building permits in Rockingham County
- Housing units authorized by permit, 2024683
- Declared construction value permitted$155.5 m
- Single family units authorized613
- Multifamily units authorized70
- Multifamily share of units10.2 percent
- Average declared value per unit$227,630
- Units authorized per 1,000 households20.9
Single-family homes are 89.8 percent of units authorized, so the pipeline is predominantly single-family.
US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual.
Rockingham County
SBA loans in Rockingham County (7(a) and 504)
- 7(a) approvals recorded38
- 7(a) gross approval dollars$16.7 m
- Average 7(a) approval$440,745
- Median 7(a) approval$266,500
- 10th percentile approval$86,900
- 90th percentile approval$935,100
- Largest single approval$2,000,000
- Jobs reported supported, 7(a)382
- Jobs per approval10.1
- Distinct 7(a) lenders active18
- Distinct industries receiving approvals27
- Median 7(a) term120 months
- Share of loans on real estate terms, 240 months or longer7.9 percent
- Loans on real estate terms3
- Loans on working capital terms, 120 months or shorter33
- Franchise loans7
- Franchise share of approvals18.4 percent
- Leading industry by approval countNew Single-Family Housing Construction (except For-Sale Builders) (3)
- Most active lenderPendleton Community Bank Inc (5)
- 504 approvals recorded13
- 504 gross approval dollars$13.7 m
- Average 504 approval$1,054,308
- Median 504 approval$448,000
- Distinct CDCs active3
- 504 jobs per approval8.2
- 504 jobs per million dollars approved7.7
- Most active CDCBusiness Finance Group, Inc. (11)
- Combined SBA approval dollars, 7(a) FY2020 to FY2026 and 504 FY2010 to FY2026$30.5 m
The average approval of $440,745 sits well above the median of $266,500, pulled up by a few larger deals, so the median is the better guide to what a typical borrower here gets. Only 7.9 percent of approvals run on real estate terms, so SBA credit here is mostly working capital and equipment rather than property acquisition.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30. US Small Business Administration, 504 FOIA release, FY2010 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Rockingham County
SBA loan default and charge-off rates in Rockingham County
Do SBA loans in Rockingham County get paid back?
- Loans with a final outcome recorded6
- Paid in full5
- Charged off1
- Status: Exempt from disclosure27
- Status: Paid in full5
- Status: Cancelled5
- Status: Charged off1
Only 6 loans have reached a final outcome, fewer than the 30 a charge-off rate needs, so no rate is published.
Compare against the national and state SBA charge-off rates, computed the same way over resolved loans only.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Rockingham County
SBA lending by place in Rockingham County
- Borrower cities with recorded lending13
- Elkton, approvals11
- Rockingham, approvals5
- Mount Crawford, approvals4
- Bridgewater, approvals3
- Broadway, approvals3
- Linville, approvals2
| Borrower city | Approvals | Gross approval dollars |
|---|---|---|
| Elkton | 11 | $6,576,100 |
| Rockingham | 5 | $2,819,000 |
| Mount Crawford | 4 | $2,840,000 |
| Bridgewater | 3 | $775,000 |
| Broadway | 3 | $589,700 |
| Linville | 2 | $700,000 |
| Penn Laird | 2 | $545,000 |
| McGaheysville | 2 | $260,000 |
| 5 other borrower cities | 6 | $1,643,500 |
Elkton accounts for 11 approvals against 5 in Rockingham. County level figures average over that gap, which is why a site decision is made at the submarket rather than the county.
US Small Business Administration, 7(a) FOIA release, FY2020 to FY2026 year to date, as of 2026-06-30.
Rockingham County
How large is Rockingham County?
- Land area849 sq mi
- Rank by land area among Virginia counties3rd of 133
- Width, east to west40 mi
- Height, north to south44.4 mi
- Geographies sharing a boundary8
- Residents per square mile of land101
- Establishments per square mile1.94
US Census Bureau county boundary geometry, TIGER, adjacency computed from shared boundary vertices, TIGER county boundaries. US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year. US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
Rockingham County
Flood risk in Rockingham County
- Participation of the county's own NFIP community Rockingham County, unincorporated areasParticipating, community 510133
- Communities in the county in the NFIP Community Status Book8
- Of those, participating in the NFIP8
- NFIP participation rate100.0 percent
- Best Community Rating System class in the county A lower CRS class is a larger flood insurance premium discount.Class 8
- Communities carrying a CRS class1
- Radon levels in Rockingham County, EPA zone predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/LZone 1
The county's own community in the status book, unincorporated Rockingham County (community 510133), participates in the National Flood Insurance Program and carries no Community Rating System class, so no CRS premium discount applies there. The EPA places Rockingham County in radon zone 1, a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L. The zone is a screening prediction for the county and does not substitute for a test at an address. The best Community Rating System class among the county's communities is 8, which carries a flood insurance premium discount for policies written in that community. 100.0 percent of the county's listed communities participate in the National Flood Insurance Program, per Federal Emergency Management Agency, NFIP Community Status Book (OpenFEMA), as of 2026-09-26.
Federal Emergency Management Agency, NFIP Community Status Book (OpenFEMA), as of 2026-09-26. US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, county spreadsheet, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001.
Coverage
What this page does not hold.
Traffic counts, zoning and the flood zone at an address are not on this page; they resolve at the address in the platform. How this page was built →
Feasibility studies
When a Rockingham County site needs a document a lender will accept.
The same data layer behind this page is the one the studies are written from. A study for a Rockingham County site starts with the figures you are reading, carrying the same source and period into the credit file.
- Population, American Community Survey 2020-202485,600
- Households32,686
- Average household size2.62
- Median household income$80,693
- Median age40.1
Common questions
Rockingham County questions, answered from the record.
How many people live in Rockingham County, Virginia?
The Census Bureau estimates 87,674 residents on July 1, 2024 (US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024). The American Community Survey 2020-2024 five-year estimate is 85,600, in 32,686 households, ranking 24th of 133 Virginia counties. Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
Is Rockingham County's population growing?
The population has grown 4.67 percent since the 2020 census base of 83,765, to 87,674 on July 1, 2024. In 2024 there were 863 births against 975 deaths, with net migration of 1,159. Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2024, Vintage 2024, estimates 2020 to 2024.
What is the median household income in Rockingham County?
$80,693. The median owner-occupied home is valued at $313,000, which is 3.9 times income, and median gross rent is $1,160 per month. Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2020-2024 5-year.
How many businesses are in Rockingham County?
1,648 establishments, employing 29,517 people with an annual payroll of $1.62 bn. These are establishments physically operating in the county, not listings. Source: US Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, 2023.
What is employment by industry in Rockingham County?
Manufacturing is the largest private sector at 6,409 jobs, 18.3 percent of covered employment. Covered employment averages 35,104 jobs at an average annual pay of $57,264, or $1,101 a week. Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, 2024 annual averages.
How much SBA lending happens in Rockingham County?
38 7(a) approvals totaling $16.7 m since FY2020, across 18 lenders, with a median approval of $266,500, plus 13 504 approvals worth $13.7 m since FY2010. These are approvals recorded in the release, not loans disbursed.
How many building permits were issued in Rockingham County?
683 housing units were authorized by permit in 2024, with a declared construction value of $155.5 m. Multifamily was 10.2 percent of units. Source: US Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey, 2024 annual.
What is the radon zone for Rockingham County?
Zone 1, a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCi/L. Source: US EPA, Map of Radon Zones, county spreadsheet, 2024-05 publication, EPA 402/A-16/001.
Where do people moving to Rockingham County come from?
The largest single origin is Harrisonburg city, with 775 households. Arriving households report an average income of $64,084 against $62,376 for those leaving. Source: US Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income county migration flows, 2021 to 2022 filing years.
Are traffic counts available for Rockingham County on this page?
No. Annual average daily traffic resolves in the platform rather than in this dataset, so no AADT figure is printed here. It is a gap we know about rather than a figure we estimated.
Is zoning published for Rockingham County?
No. Nothing on this page presents parcel level zoning, and where a statutory framework applies it is marked as the statewide frame, to be confirmed locally.
Rockingham County
Cities and places in Rockingham.
15 Census places lie wholly or partly in Rockingham County. All 15 carry enough published place level data for a page of their own and are linked.
| Place | Type | Population | SBA 7(a) approvals, projects in this county | Lies in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bridgewater | town | 6,708 | 3 | Wholly in this county |
| Massanetta Springs | CDP | 6,358 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Broadway | town | 4,273 | 3 | Wholly in this county |
| Timberville | town | 3,036 | 2 | Wholly in this county |
| Elkton | town | 3,006 | 11 | Wholly in this county |
| Grottoes | town | 2,961 | 1 | 91.0 percent here, 9.0 percent Augusta County |
| Massanutten | CDP | 2,261 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Dayton | town | 1,920 | 1 | Wholly in this county |
| McGaheysville | CDP | 1,327 | 2 | Wholly in this county |
| Belmont Estates | CDP | 1,162 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Keezletown | CDP | 706 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Mount Crawford | town | 532 | 4 | Wholly in this county |
| Port Republic | CDP | 510 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
| Linville | CDP | 484 | 2 | Wholly in this county |
| Singers Glen | CDP | 155 | None recorded | Wholly in this county |
A further 9 of the county's 38 SBA 7(a) approvals are to borrowers in cities that match no Census place in Rockingham County, the largest being Rockingham (5), Penn Laird (2), Fulks Run (1). Those are postal cities, unincorporated areas and cities outside the county, so no place row claims them; they are counted in the county total above.